Arguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

Arguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS) Free Online Research Papers Many arguments are put forward by Leon R. Kass to continue criminalizing physician assisted-suicide, stating that it is wrong for a doctor to ever harm a patient, yet is the terminally ill patient quality of life worthwhile when they are is reduced by being feeble and in pain? Two ethical principles support ending prohibition: The right to control ones own body and the physicians duty to relieve suffering. A lot of weight is placed on the Hippocratic Oath which states not to do harm. Kass asserts that allowing physicians to help with suicide would overstep their limitations and literally have a license to kill. This is both illogical and inciting. The author and bioethicist Dieterle argues that discontinuing life-sustaining systems is considered acceptable by society, yet this is a more definitive act by a physician than prescribing a medication that a patient has requested who can decide whether to take it or not, as he or she sees fit (Dieterle 129). Rather than characterizing physician-assisted suicide as murder, people should see it as bringing the dying process to a merciful end, or as Oregon calls it, â€Å"death with dignity.† Bioethicist and journalist, Boer, agrees that a physician who complies with a plea for final release from a patient facing death under unbearably painful conditions is doing the patient good, not harm, and â€Å"his or her actions are entirely consonant with the Hippocratic tradition† (Boer 530). There is an argument made by Kass that that permitting physician-assisted suicide would undermine the patient-doctor relationship. This is flawed reasoning because patients are not lying in bed wondering if their physicians are going to kill them. â€Å"The lethal dosage is only prescribed on request of the patient and on no other terms† (Manning 5). Rather than undermining a patients trust, it should be expected that the legalization of physician-assisted suicide would enhance that trust. Many people feel that they would have a greater sense of security knowing they are able to trust their physicians to provide such help in the event of unbearable suffering. It is also argued by Kass that it cannot be regulated in the sense that people with mental illness, comatose, or with depression will be able to get the prescription through proxy or when they are incompetent, but it is reported by Iwasaki that in every state which has legalized it, there have been strict regulations which requires at least a month and a competency hearing. Washington and Oregon have specified that assistance be given only to a patient who is competent and who requests it (Iwasaki 2). Therefore it has been shown that it can be regulated and it is not understandable that new states would not follow these standards. A study carried out a few years ago by the University Of Washington School Of Medicine queried 828 physicians (a 25 percent sample of primary care physicians and all physicians in selected medical subspecialties) with a response rate of 57 percent. Of these respondents, 12 percent reported receiving one or more explicit requests for assisted suicide, and one-fourth of the patients requesting such assistance received prescriptions (Rogatz 12). A survey of physicians in San Francisco treating AIDS patients brought responses from half, and 53 percent of those respondents reported helping patients take their own lives by prescribing lethal doses of narcotics (Rogatz 13). Every state also does terminal sedation. Clearly, requests for assisted suicide cant be dismissed as rare occurrences. There is no perfect solution to this problem. However, there are reasonable protections which can minimize the risk of abuse and help the greater good of people. All physicians are bound by the oath not to do any harm, but we must recognize that it isn’t harmful only to hurt them, but to refuse an act of mercy. Thus, helping out people should be recognized as a humanitarian act, and not be considered criminal. Boer, T A. â€Å"Recurring Themes in the Debate about Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide.† Journal of Religious Ethics 35.3 (2007): 529-555. Dieterle, J M. â€Å"Physician Assisted Suicide: A New Look at the Arguments.† Bioethics 21.3 (2007): 127-139. Georges, J, B. D. â€Å"Relatives’ Perspective on the Terminally Ill Patients who Died After Euthanasia or Physician-Assisted Suicide: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Interview Study in the Netherlands.† Death Studies 31.1-15 (2007). Iwasaki, J. â€Å"Oregon Assisted Suicide at Record High: Washington Discussing Rules for its New Law.† Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Jan. 2009). 13 Jan. 2009 . Manning, M. â€Å"Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide: Killing or Caring?† Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press. Rogatz, Peter. The Virtues of Physician-Assisted Suicide. Humanist (Nov.-Dec. 2001). 22 Jan. 2009 . Research Papers on Arguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Fifth HorsemanCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesGenetic EngineeringThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UsePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThree Concepts of PsychodynamicRiordan Manufacturing Production Plan

The interview by Francis Collins on The Language of GOD

The interview by Francis Collins on The Language of GOD To begin with, we must appreciate the fact that science and religion have been perceived to be conflicting concepts since time immemorial. While religion and science cannot be disentangled from the reality of God and creation, there is a sharp contrast between scientific discoveries and most of the biblical doctrines.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The interview by Francis Collins on The Language of GOD specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although Francis Collins is assertive that religion and science can co-exist and that there is no conflict between the two entities, it is factual that the two concepts conflict each other severally. Throughout the interview, the author reiterates that he is a strong Christian believer and that he cannot abandon his faith in God just because of being a specialist in DNA. He argues that he has passion for science. Nevertheless, true Christians believe that the Bible represen ts the spoken word of God and that every answer about life’s challenges is found in the Bible. From this perspective, Christian believers have been left in a state of dilemma for centuries especially when they have to correlate scientific ideas and religious doctrines. From the first question in the interview, Collins outlines that the concept of evolution did not jut spring from space (Beliefnet 4). It was God’s plan for evolution to take place. Even if God planned for evolution, he must have outlined it in the Bible. Evolution should be treated or perceived as a unique scientific aspect that goes against the ideals of creation. In fact, the scientific theory which asserts that all living species have a common ancestor should be further investigated. Even though the perspective on the origin of living species has been received with overwhelming mixed reactions, it should not weaken the contents of the Bible. The author notes that there is no missing link between scien ce and religion. However, it is surprising to observe that the creation theories from both perspectives differ remarkably. For instance, the Biblical account of creation asserts that God created the earth and everything in it. Creation took a total of six days and on the seventh day, God took a rest. On the other hand, the theory of evolution was put forward by Charles Darwin in1859 in his book The Origin of the Species. According to this theory, all the living species emanated from a common creature. However, the species have evolved (transformed) gradually with the passage of time.Advertising Looking for critical writing on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A case in point is the evolution of man from other primates such as monkeys and baboons. Sincerely peaking, these are vivid differences that need not to be expounded in any length. Although Collins seem to insinuate that we are yet to study ade quate scientific facts in order to appreciate the truth, it does not auger well with any other Christian believer to be told that man originated from apes. The biblical account of creation is straightforward. Therefore, we may appreciate the contribution of science to humanity on other platforms but not on creation. Secondly, is it true that God planned the process of evolution and that it was not a random undertaking? Well, this may be beyond our ordinary human understanding in as much us we should give God all the credits for creating the planet and life in it. Nevertheless, the author does not give any evidence of his claim. If God really planned for evolution, why is there a sharp contrast in creation theories? Better still, why is this plan not accounted for in the Bible? Even though science may have some outright responses to such inquiries, Christians are not mandated at all to believe in science at the expense of biblical doctrines. As already mentioned above, the spoken wor d of God can only be found in the books and chapters of the Bible. Additionally, Christians may still posit that scientific revelations are not inspired by any entity (relies on human knowledge per se) while Biblical doctrines were inspired through the prophets of God. Christians are still o the right track of pursuing their faith even though the author observes that he is sympathetic to fellow Christians who think that evolution has damaged their faith towards creation. In fact, the study of DNA and the vital applications of scientific knowledge should be taken as unique ways of worshipping God. Science allows a broader way of worshipping God (Beliefnet 4). Is it possible to reconcile evolution with the Bible? According to Collins, God planned for evolution to take place. Nonetheless, this may not be a satisfactory response to this question. Perhaps, evolution should be viewed as the gradual transformation of living creatures. This is indeed an inevitable process in life. Even huge rock boulders undergo the process of weathering that eventually reduces them into smaller particles.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The interview by Francis Collins on The Language of GOD specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, evolution can only be reconciled with the Bible if its meaning and content are duly revised. For example, the evolution theory on creation is still controversial and will always remain that way among Christians. Therefore, creation theory according to evolution should be expunged from science in order to fully reconcile the two divides. In addition, Collins is quite categorical that it was the plan of God to create human beings for the sake of his own glory. This cannot be disputed because God used evolution to meet his broad objective on humanity. Even though most Christian believers think that evolution is a far-fetched scientific concept that does not meet the Biblical thresho ld, the author is of the opinion that evolution did not take God by surprise since it was part and parcel of his plan towards life (Beliefnet 5). This is perhaps the reality on the ground because even if Christians have not appreciated the theory of evolution in totality, scientific knowledge is largely applicable in the modern life. Finally, we ought to concur with the author that the myriads of discoveries that have been made in the field of science should be uniquely used to appreciate and worship God as the Supreme Being. In fact, the wonders of creation exemplify the nature of God in totality. Moreover, the extent at which DNA applications can be put into practice should be gauged. Designing babies of our choices through DNA options contravenes the purpose of God towards mankind. It is the worst form of criticism that humanity can offer to God. Interfering with genetic makeup confirms that we are not contended with the natural choice of God. Conclusion To recap it all, it is vi tal to reaffirm that science and religion are broad concepts that should be treated with utmost caution. However, religion should always be given precedence over science because its doctrines are almost indisputable.Advertising Looking for critical writing on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Beliefnet. Interview with Francis Collins. Center for online and distance education. Simon Fraser University (n.d): 4-6. Print.

Marketing Plan on Counterfeit Protection Company Essay

Marketing Plan on Counterfeit Protection Company - Essay Example s of Difference 9 1.11 Positioning 10 Marketing Program Strategy and Tactics 11 1.12Product Line 11 1.13Promotion 12 1.14Price 12 1.15Place 12 2.Implementation Plan 13 1. Introduction (The Challenge) 1.1. Organization and Services Counterfeit Shield’s main focus will be on prevention and locating sources of counterfeit items. This business to business services main goal is to seek out counterfeit items for a company that desires to do so. This in turn will increase their profit potential. Agents that work for the company will operate for fee, throughout the country and local area. As reported by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development it was said that over 400 Billion US was lost worldwide due to pirated goods and counterfeit items. This represents a huge market for some form of protection of designer goods for companies. A basic example for how the company will operate will be a company seeking to stop the counterfeiting of there products. They will come to us and report the problem. After the problem is logged and payment is received for the service or a planned commission is setup, an investigator will search out all the areas and online sources in which that product existences in a potential for counterfeiting. A comprehensive analysis will be done. After that, sources of onsite locations will be verified with logging all important information. A report will be drawn up from all this and will be either handed over to in house attorney for prosecution or given to the company for their handling of the matter. Situational Analysis This section of the marketing plan tries to examine the context and the developments in any company. The three major elements such as customers, companies and competitors will be analyzed in this section. Company... From this research it is clear that Counterfeit Shield’s main focus will be on prevention and locating sources of counterfeit items. This business to business services main goal is to seek out counterfeit items for a company that desires to do so. This in turn will increase their profit potential. Agents that work for the company will operate for fee, throughout the country and local area. As reported by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development it was said that over 400 Billion US was lost worldwide due to pirated goods and counterfeit items. This represents a huge market for some form of protection of designer goods for companies. A basic example for how the company will operate will be a company seeking to stop the counterfeiting of there products. They will come to us and report the problem. After the problem is logged and payment is received for the service or a planned commission is setup, an investigator will search out all the areas and online sources in which that product existences in a potential for counterfeiting. A comprehensive analysis will be done. After that, sources of onsite locations will be verified with logging all important information. A report will be drawn up from all this and will be either handed over to in house attorney for prosecution or given to the company for their handling of the matter. The main goal of Counterfeit Shield is to search for and attract those companies that want to protect their products from counterfeiting. The company’s sole objective will be to combat counterfeiting of the products for the companies approaching Counterfeit Shield.